Why Is WiFi Slower Than a LAN Cable?

Internet connectivity has become a primary need, whether for work, entertainment, or daily communication. Yet, a classic question often arises: why is WiFi slower than a LAN cable? Many internet users in Indonesia complain about unstable WiFi speeds, while connections via LAN cable feel much faster and more consistent. This article unpacks the technical differences behind this phenomenon and offers practical insights for digital-savvy readers.

Basic Differences: Wired vs Wireless Transmission

One of the main factors in speed differences lies in the transmission medium. LAN cables use copper wires or fiber optics to transmit data physically, minimizing interference. The signal remains strong over tens of meters without significant loss. In contrast, WiFi uses radio waves at frequencies of 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, or 6 GHz. Data sent through the air is easily disrupted by walls, floors, and other electronic devices. The further away from the router, the weaker the WiFi signal becomes, and speeds drop accordingly.

Bandwidth, Latency, and Connection Consistency

In technical terms, bandwidth refers to the maximum capacity for data transmission. Modern LAN cables like Gigabit Ethernet can provide bandwidth up to 1 Gbps consistently, or even more. WiFi, while theoretically offering high speeds with the latest standards such as WiFi 6, in practice often achieves only a fraction of those numbers due to interference and shared bandwidth among multiple users.

Furthermore, latency or delay on WiFi tends to be higher than with a LAN cable. This is crucial for activities like gaming, video calls, and streaming, which require instant response. While LAN cables offer low latency and rarely experience jitter (fluctuating delays), WiFi often suffers from jitter, especially when many devices are connected at once.

Interference Factors and Protocol Overhead

WiFi devices often experience interference from microwaves, Bluetooth devices, and even neighboring WiFi networks. Conflicting signals cause data to be resent, slowing down internet speeds. LAN cables are almost entirely free from such external disturbances. In terms of protocol, WiFi adopts a collision avoidance system (CSMA/CA), which is more complex, while LAN cables now use full-duplex so data transfer occurs in both directions without obstruction.

Packet Loss, Security, and Number of Users

LAN cables experience very minimal packet loss unless there is physical damage. WiFi is more prone to data loss due to weak signals and interference, causing packets to be resent. In terms of security, WiFi data is encrypted, requiring additional processes that can slightly slow down data traffic.

In addition, with WiFi, one channel is shared, so the more devices connected, the slower the speed for each device. With LAN cables, each port gets a dedicated bandwidth channel, so there’s no competition for access.

Tips to Maximize Internet Connection

• Use a LAN cable for devices that require high and stable speeds, such as PCs, Smart TVs, or gaming consoles.
• If you must use WiFi, place the router in a central, open location so the signal spreads evenly.
• Choose a WiFi channel that doesn’t overlap with neighbors, and use the latest standards like WiFi 6 if possible.
• Minimize the use of other electronic devices near the router.

WiFi Is Practical, but LAN Cables Win on Speed

WiFi offers high mobility and easy setup, but for speed, stability, and low latency, LAN cables remain the best choice. Understanding these technical differences helps users choose the best solution for their needs.